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1. 1. Non Verbal Communication • The process of sending and receiving messageswithout using words, either spoken or written. • Examples of non verbal communication include be a smile, wink, or wave. All of these communicate something without the use of oral or written language. Even if you do not say a word, your silence can communicate in a non-verbal way.
2. 2. • Argyle (1988) concluded there are five primary functions of nonverbal bodily behavior in human communication:[65] • Express emotions • Express interpersonal attitudes • To accompany speech in managing the cues of interaction between speakers and listeners • Self-presentation of one's personality • Rituals (greetings)
3. 3. Types of non verbal com • Body language or Kinesics • Para language or voice • Space Language • Time language.
4. 4. Nonverbal communication divided into • Kinesics and Proxemics acts • Kinesics: The study of nonverbal gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, and body posture • Proxemics: The study of the use of space, touch, and distance as features of nonverbal communication.
5. 5. Body language or Kinesics • A type of nonverbal communication that relies on body movements(such as gestures, posture, and facial expressions) to convey messages. • Body language may be used consciously or unconsciously. It may accompany a verbal message or serve as a substitute for speech.
6. 6. Important features of Body Language • Posture • The way a person stands or sits is his posture. It is good to adopt a flexible erect posture rather than a stiff or slouching posture. An erect posture reveals confidence and poise. Drooping shoulders, sagging in the seat, etc., reveal a feeling of depression and lack of interest. • Head motion • In oral communication, the movement of the head plays an important role. No one is expected to keep on shaking his head, but appropriate nods and shakes of the head enhance the level of communication
7. 7. • Eye Contact • In an oral communication context, the speaker and listener should not only face each other but also maintain correct eye contact. If someone avoids direct eye contact, he is suspected to be sly or cunning. • Gestures • Gestures can be some of the most direct and obvious body language signals. Waving, pointing, and using the fingers to indicate numerical amounts are all very common and easy to understand gestures. Some gestures may be cultural, however, so giving a thumbs-up or a peace sign might have a completely different meaning than it might in the United States.
8. 8. Facial Expression • Facial Expression • Face is the index of the mind. We say, ‘she put on a long face’ to mean that she was not in the best of her moods. However much one tries, his hidden feeling of anger, fear, confusion, uncertainty, enthusiasm and joy will get revealed by the facial expression. Sometimes, the words that you utter may be contradicted by your facial expression. A teacher might ask the student if he understood the idea, but he should not wait for an answer. A lack-lustre bewildered facial expression would reveal that the student has not grasped anything.
9. 9. Paralanguage • Paralanguage refers to the non-verbal elements of communication used to modify meaning and convey emotion. Paralanguage may be expressed consciously or unconsciously, and it includes the pitch, volume, and, in some cases, intonation of speech. Sometimes the definition is restricted to vocally-produced sounds. The study is known as paralinguistics.
10. 10. Paralinguistics • Paralinguistics refers to vocal communication that is separate from actual language. This includes factors such as tone of voice, loudness, inflection and pitch. Consider the powerful effect that tone of voice can have on the meaning of a sentence. When said in a strong tone of voice, listeners might interpret approval and enthusiasm. The same words said in a hesitant tone of voice might convey disapproval and a lack of interest.
11. 11. • Examples of paralinguistic features include pitch, rate, quality of voice and amplitude. • People express meaning not just in what they say but in the way they say it. The paralinguistic features employed by a speaker provide nuanced meaning, communicate attitudes and convey emotion.
12. 12. Proxemics or space language • Proxemics is the study of the cultural, behavioral, and sociological aspects of spatial distances between individuals.[61] Every person has a particular space that they keep to themselves when communicating, like a personal bubble. When used as a type of nonverbal signal in communication, proxemics helps to determine the space between individuals while they interact.
13. 13. types of proxemics • there are four types of proxemics with different distances depending on the situation and people involved 1 Intimate distance is used for close encounters like embracing, touching, or whispering. 0 to 18 inch 2 Personal distance is for interactions with close friends and family members. 18 to 4 feet
14. 14. types of proxemics • 3. Social distance is for interactions among acquaintances. It is mostly used in workplace or school settings where there is no physical contact. 4 feet to 12 feet • 4 Public distance is for strangers or public speaking.12 to 30 feet
15. 15. Time language or Chronemics • Chronemics is the study of the use of time in nonverbal communication. The way that one perceives and values time, structures time and reacts to time frames communication. Across cultures, time perception plays a large role in the nonverbal communication process. Time perceptions include punctuality, willingness to wait and interactions. The use of time can affect lifestyle, daily agendas, speed of speech, movements and how long people are willing to listen
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17. 17. What is a paragraph? • A paragraph is a collection of related sentences dealing with a single topic. In a paragraph, you will state one main idea and explain it. Paragraphs are extremely important because they help organize information in a way that is easy for your reader to follow, thus bettering the flow of your writing. To be as effective as possible, a paragraph should contain each of the following: Unity, A Topic Sentence, Supporting Sentences, and a Conclusion.
18. 18. • A paragraph is the basic unit of composition. It consists of a group of related sentences that develop one main idea. It has three main parts; an introduction, a body of the paragraph and a conclusion. In other words, it has a • topic sentence, • a few supporting sentences, • and a concluding sentence.
19. 19. Components of paragraph 1: unity in a paragraph? Unity: it means that you discuss only one main idea in a paragraph. The main idea is stated in the topic sentence and then each supporting sentence develops that idea. It means that the entire paragraph should focus on one single idea. It defines that all sentences in a paragraph should speak about one single idea or one main subject. That is, the topic sentence, the supporting details, and the concluding sentence should focus on only one idea
20. 20. Components of paragraph • 2: coherence in a paragraph? • Coherence in a paragraph is the technique of making words, phrases, and sentences move smoothly and logically from one to the other. • It establishing a relationship between the ideas presented in a paragraph. It means that all the sentence in a paragraph should be inter linked . • It help the reader to understand the paragraph easily 3: topic sentence . it tells the reader what the paragraph is going to be about. It also helps you keep your writing under control. • It express the main idea of paragraph and the remaining sentences support it . • Generally it found in benign or in the end of the paragraph in some case it could be in middle of the paragraph
21. 21. Components of paragraph • 4: supporting sentences. The supporting sentences develop the topic sentence. They explain the topic sentence by giving reasons, examples, facts, statistics, and quotations, among other things 5:Concluding Sentence. A concluding sentence is the last sentence in a paragraph. A conclusion can remind the reader of the main points of a paragraph and/or leave the reader with something to think about in relation to the topic.
22. 22. Some important steps to be consider • Put only one main idea per paragraph. • Aim for 3 to 5 or more sentences per paragraph. • Include on each page about 2 handwritten or 3 typed paragraphs. • Make your paragraphs proportional to your paper. • Since paragraphs do less work in short papers, have short paragraphs for short papers and longer paragraphs for longer papers. • If you have a few very short paragraphs, think about whether they are really parts of a larger paragraph– and can be combined—or whether you can add details to support each point and thus each into a more fully developed paragraph
23. 23. Types of paragraph • 1. DESCRIPTIVE • This paragraph describes something or someone. • E.g. :My mother is a very special woman. She is beautiful . She is tall. She always takes care of me . She helps me with my homework. She cooks delicious food. She loves me and I love her so much. My mother is the best mom in the world
24. 24. Types of paragraph • INFORMATIVE • This paragraph explains an idea and inform facts. • E.g. • MY COUNTRY “Afghanistan” My country is “Afghanistan . It is located in Asia. It is small but beautiful country. It has many touristic places you can visit and have fun like, the mountains and the cities . The climate is great. “Afghanistan is a wonderful country
25. 25. Types of paragraph • PERSUASIVE paragraph • This paragraph tries to convince the reader of something. • E.g: • New Chocolate :The best Chocolate has arrived to Kabul. It is delicious, it has milk, almonds and etc. . It also has many vitamins that will help you grow and make your teeth very strong. You can’t keep living without trying this chocolate .Buy one today !!!